Izindaba

Ukusebenza okubukhoma kuyindlela ebalulekile yokusebenza kwamandla okwamanje, kodwa kunezingozi ezinkulu zokuphepha ohlelweni lokusebenza, okuzobeka usongo olukhulu ekuzinzeni kwesistimu yamandla kanye nempilo yabaqhubi.Ngakho-ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukusebenzisa amathuluzi afanelekile ohlelweni lokusebenza komugqa obukhoma.Kuyadingeka ukulandela ukuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe bokusebenza komugqa ophilayo ukuze wenze umsebenzi omuhle ocwaningweni nasekuthuthukisweni kwamathuluzi, uhlangabezane nezidingo zezinhlobo ezahlukene zokusebenza kolayini obukhoma, unikeze ukuvikeleka okwanele kubaqhubi, futhi ukhuthaze ukuthuthukiswa okuzinzile kwemboni yamandla kagesi. .

Ekutholeni isimo sezintambo zokudlulisela, ukusetshenziswa kokusebenza okubukhoma kungagwema ithonya lomsebenzi wokuthola umsebenzi ojwayelekile wesifunda futhi kuqinisekiswe isevisi yesistimu yamandla.Nokho, ukusebenza bukhoma kuyisinyathelo esiqinile sobuchwepheshe.Njengoba isifunda sisasebenza ngesikhathi sokusebenza, kungase kube khona ingozi yokushaqeka kukagesi, okuyindlela yokusebenza eyingozi kakhulu [1].Uma umsebenzi ungekho ezingeni lomsebenzi, ama-opharetha, ukunikezwa kwamandla kwesifunda, ukusebenza kolayini wokudlulisa nokunye ukukhiqiza nokuphila kuzothinteka.Uma u-opharetha ehluleka ukusebenza noma enenkinga ngethuluzi, uzothola ukushaqeka okukhulu kukagesi futhi abeke impilo yakhe engozini.

Kubaluleke kakhulu ukucacisa imingcele yezobuchwepheshe ebalulekile bese ukhetha amathuluzi afanele okusebenza bukhoma ngenxa yengozi esobala yokusebenza okubukhoma.Ithuluzi kufanele lihlangabezane nobude obuncane bokufaka ugesi, ikakhulukazi kumasekhethi e-AC kagesi aphezulu angu-1000kV, ithuluzi kufanele linikeze isivikelo esanele ku-opharetha.

1. Ukuhlaziywa kwezizathu zezinkinga zokuphepha ekusebenzeni kolayini kagesi obukhoma

Izingozi zendawo yokusebenza bukhoma.Njengoba ukusebenza kolayini wokudlulisela bukhoma ngokwawo kunengozi enkulu, ngakho-ke uma indawo yesayithi iyinkimbinkimbi, izokwandisa ubungozi enqubweni yokusebenza.Isibonelo, izimo zezulu ezizungezile, indawo, imigqa yokuxhumana, ithrafikhi nezinye izinkinga zizothinta ukuthuthukiswa kokusebenza okubukhoma.Ngakho-ke, ngaphambi kokuqala komsebenzi obukhoma, opharetha badinga ukuhlola isimo esizungezile, baqonde ithrafikhi yesayithi, ukuze bakhe uhlelo olufanele lomsebenzi ophilayo.Isibonelo, yenza umsebenzi omuhle ekubikezelweni kwesimo sezulu futhi ifakwe i-anemometer namanye amadivaysi ukuze uqonde imvelo esizeni, ugweme ukusebenza emoyeni onamandla, imvula enkulu, iqhwa nezinye izimo, njengesimo sezulu esibi kakhulu ngesikhathi sokusebenza ukuze umise bukhoma. ukusebenza.

Izinkinga zokuphatha amathuluzi.Ukuvikelwa kokuphepha kwesizinda somugqa wokudlulisa, hhayi umsebenzi wokuvikela umuntu kuphela, kodwa nangokuphathwa kwamathuluzi ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuphepha kokusebenza bukhoma.Kodwa-ke, opharetha abaningi abanalo ulwazi lokuphathwa kwamathuluzi, ukuntuleka kokuhlolwa njalo nokugcinwa kwamathuluzi, kulula ukuholela ekugugeni kwamathuluzi nokulimala, ngaleyo ndlela kuthinte ukuphepha kwenqubo yokusebenza;Okwesibili, kukhona nokuntuleka kwesistimu yokuphatha ithuluzi eliphelele, amathuluzi angenalwazi oluphelele, kodwa futhi nokuntuleka kokuqwashisa kokuhlolwa kwamathuluzi ngaphambi kokusebenza, okulula ukubangela izingozi ezifihliwe emsebenzini.

Ingozi efihliwe yokusebenza bukhoma.Njengamanje, wonke amathuluzi okusebenza abukhoma angamathuluzi okufaka, izinga lokufaka ithuluzi linquma umphumela wokufakwa kwethuluzi.Kodwa-ke, amanye amathuluzi angase abe nokufakwa okusezingeni eliphansi nokulimala, okungaholela ezingozini ngesikhathi sokusebenza.Kukhona futhi amanye amathuluzi angaklanyelwe kahle, angakwazi ukufeza umphumela omuhle wokusebenza, angahlangabezani nezinga lokusebenza okubukhoma, azodala izingozi zokuphepha.

Amathuluzi amanje ensimbi amasha okusebenza bukhoma

2.1 Izidingo zamathuluzi okusebenza bukhoma

Njengoba imigqa yokudluliswa kwe-uHV ne-UHV inezinga likagesi eliphezulu kakhulu, isikhala esikhulu selayini, ukuhlukaniswa kwezintambo ezengeziwe, nobude bezintambo ezinkulu zokuvikela umlilo kanye nethoni, izidingo eziphakeme kakhulu zibekwe phambili zamathuluzi okusebenza [2].Ngokuvamile, ubude be-insulation obuncane obusebenzayo bomugqa kufanele bukhethwe.Isibonelo, ithuluzi lokuphakamisa ucingo kufanele lihlangabezane nezidingo zamathoni amakhulu kanye nokufakwa okuthambile komthwalo womugqa.Izakhiwo zensimbi kufanele futhi zihlanganiswe nezici zesekethe ukuze kwandiswe ukwakheka kwethuluzi ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo zenqubo yokusebenza futhi kuncishiswe umfutho wokusebenza komsebenzisi.Njengamanje, ithuluzi lezintambo eziqinile elinomshini wokudlulisa amanzi senziwe.

Ngokukhethwa kwamathuluzi ngaphansi kokusebenza okubukhoma, okokuqala, kudinga ukuba nokufakwa okuphezulu, ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zezinga le-voltage, nokumelana nesimo sezulu esiphezulu;Okwesibili, ithuluzi kufanele libe namandla anele emishini ukuze livumelane nezidingo zokusebenza zocingo lwesifunda se-UHV, isisindo esifile sezinto zokufakwa kanye nokwenyuka kwebanga lomugqa, ukuze kugwenywe ukulimala kwemishini yokusebenza.Ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukuguquguquka kokwakhiwa, amathuluzi okusebenza aphilayo kufanele abe lula.Isibonelo, ukuze ubhekane nezintambo zesivikelo ezinobude obuhlukene, amathuluzi asekelayo kufanele abe makhudlwana ngobude futhi alinganisele ngokwevolumu, kodwa futhi kufanele akwazi ukulawula isisindo samathuluzi ukuze ahlangabezane nezidingo zokuhamba okulula kanye nobuciko bokusebenza. .Okokugcina, kwamanye amathuluzi akhethekile kufanele abe nokuguquguquka okuphezulu.

2.2 Insimbi elengayo eqondile yokugcwalisa i-U-bolt nethuluzi lokuqinisa

Imigqa yokudlulisa iqonde ngqo insimbi elengayo ye-U bolt yokuqinisa amathuluzi aqinile ajoyine idivayisi yokudlulisela, okuhlanganisa ukusebenza kwesibambo sokuphenduka kwesandla sangemuva, i-lever eyinhlanganisela yokufakelwa, idivayisi yokudlulisela ithuluzi ingaba ukumiswa okujikelezayo okungu-180 °, kanye nomkhono wesitoreji okhethekile, ibhawudi lingene idivayisi yokubopha esetshenziswa ngesikhathi esifanayo, umkhono we-bolt okhethekile ngaphakathi ungafaka ku-bolt, i-spring cushion, i-flat mat, Finyelela i-bolt yokubopha kanye nomsebenzi wokugcwalisa kude.Ngokusebenzisa indlela yokusebenza bukhoma kwesikhundla, inkinga yokuxegiswa nokuwa kwe-u-bolt yesiqeshana se-conductor overhang ohlelweni lwamandla ingaxazululwa.Ngemva kokwengezwa kwe-u-bolt, isisetshenziswa sokuqondisa sethuluzi singashintshwa ngesikrufu se-ratchet esijikelezayo ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi ibhawodi liqinisiwe.

Ithuluzi linezici zokusebenza okulula, ukusebenza okuguquguqukayo nokusebenza kahle okuphezulu ngokungeza nokubopha i-u-bolt yesiqeshana somugqa olenga ngaphezulu.Izinto zokufaka i-insulation zisetshenziswa ekwakhiweni kwethuluzi, elingaqinisekisa ukuphepha kanye nesimo somsebenzi obukhoma ngezinga elikhulu futhi lihlangabezane nezidingo zokufakwa kukagesi zomsebenzi ophilayo.Ngaphandle kwalokho, inokuguquguquka okuhle futhi ingasebenza kunoma yiziphi izimo zezulu [3].Ngokusetshenziswa kwezingxenye zebhendi ephilayo, ukwehluleka kwamandla kwesikhashana kungagwenywa, ukuphepha kokusebenza kungaqinisekiswa, ukwethembeka kolayini kungaqinisekiswa ngezinga elikhulu, futhi kungadalwa izinzuzo eziphezulu zezomnotho nezenhlalo.

2.3 Ithuluzi lokufafaza ngogesi elinemisebenzi eminingi

Ithuluzi liqukethe ikhanda elisebenzayo, i-telescopic insulating lever, kanye nendlela yokusebenza, lapho ikhanda elisebenzayo lisebenzisa idivayisi ekhethekile yokubopha, exhunywe kudivayisi yokubopha nge-lever ye-telescopic, bese iqhutshwa i-manipulator yangemuva. ukusebenzisa ithangi ngaphakathi kwedivayisi yokubopha ukuze into evimbela ukubola isetshenziswe eduze kwethuluzi.Ithuluzi lingabuye lihlangabezane nezidingo zomsebenzi zomsebenzi obukhoma, lingaqinisekisa ibanga lokuphepha lomsebenzi, ukufeza umsebenzi obukhoma ongaqondile.Ingakwazi ukuxazulula ngempumelelo ukugqwala kwe-parallel clearance, ukushiswa, ukugqwala kwezinsimbi zegolide kanye nokugqwala kwesando sokwethuka, futhi ingalungiswa ngokusebenza kukagesi.Ukusebenzisa leli thuluzi kungasetshenziswa endaweni ye-hydrophobic, ugcwalise imishini kagesi ngokufafaza kwe-zinc, ukuqinisekisa ukuzinza kwemishini yamandla.

2.4 Ithuluzi lokubopha ipuleti le-drainage le-drainage edonsa ama-engeli amaningi

Kunezikhombisi-ndlela eziningi zamabhawodi wepuleti lokudonsa amanzi aqinile, okuhlanganisa ukuqondiswa komugqa ophambanayo, ukuqondiswa komugqa otshekile, eduze komgwaqo nokunye.Ngale njongo, amaphuzu amathathu okuguqula asethwe ku-wrench, phakathi kwayo indawo yokuguqula ikhanda ingashintshwa ngokuvundlile ngokusebenzisa umkhono.Ukuze ulungise i-engeli, ithuluzi lamanje lingazungeziswa ngokuvundlile ngo-180°;Ngokwezimo zangempela zokusebenza zesistimu yamandla, ithuluzi lingalungiswa kuma-engeli amaningi kanye namaphoyinti amaningi ukuze kuxazululwe inkinga yokungavumelani phakathi kwama-engeli e-bolt nama-engeli emikhono.Ngephuzu lokujika eliphakathi nendawo, isipanela singasetshenziselwa ukuzungezisa ama-engeli amaningi, lungisa isiqondiso somkhono esipaneni, uxazulule ngokuphumelelayo izidingo ze-torque ye-bolt, uhlangabezane nezidingo zokufakwa kwebhawodi emgqeni.Ithuluzi liphinde liqede isidingo sebanga eliphephile lokudonsa amanzi.Ngokuxhuma iphoyinti eliphansi lokuzungeza ku-lever evalekile, u-opharetha angaphusha futhi adonse i-lever ukuze azungezisa umkhono, ozungezisa amabhawodi epuleti lokudonsa amanzi.Ukusetshenziswa kwaleli thuluzi kuthuthukisa ukunethezeka kwendawo yokusebenza, futhi kuqinisekisa izidingo zamabhawodi okuqinisa izintambo anezikhombisi-ndlela ezihlukene zepuleti lokudonsa amanzi.

2.5 Izinto zensimbi ezivikelayo

Ukuthuthukiswa kwezakhiwo zensimbi zokuvikela umsebenzi obukhoma kufanele kusekelwe esakhiweni nasezicini zemingcele ye-insulator yomugqa.Njengoba ububanzi bomthwalo wezintambo zesivikelo semigqa ye-UHV ngokuvamile buyi-210 ~ 550kN, umthwalo olinganiselwe wezinto ezifakwayo kufanele ube ngu-60 ~ 145kN ngokomgomo wokuklama [4].Njengamanje, emigqeni yasekhaya ye-ultra-high, izinsimbi zensimbi eziqondile ezisetshenziswayo zihlanganisa uhlobo lwe-I, uhlobo lwe-V nentambo ephindwe kabili, futhi intambo yesivikeli esiqinisayo ihlanganisa ama-insulators aphindwe kabili noma ama-multi-disc.Amathuluzi ahlukile wokushintsha isivikelo angasetshenziswa ngokuya ngamafomu ezintambo ezihlukene zesivikeli nezici zokufakwa kokuxhuma.Ngokusebenzisa insimbi yensimbi ingaqedela kangcono ukudluliselwa komsebenzi we-tonnage, ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zabaqhubi emkhakheni.Ngamathuluzi amakhulu ensimbi ye-tonnage, into eyinhloko iqukethe i-titanium alloy futhi icutshungulwa kusetshenziswa inqubo entsha yokusika.Ukuze kube lula ukudluliswa kwezintambo ezisebenza kahle kakhulu, isigxivizo siphinde sihlanganise nezintambo ezisebenza ngogesi nezemishini ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo zezinduku ezihlehlisayo nezihlehlisayo.

3. Ucwaningo lwesikhathi esizayo kanye nesiqondiso sokuthuthukiswa kwamathuluzi okusebenza kokudlulisa

Umsebenzi wesikole wasekhaya wamanje emigqeni yokudlulisela i-uhv unocwaningo oluningi, ithuluzi elisha lingahlangabezana nezidingo zomsebenzi wasensimini, okuhlanganisa ucingo lokuhamba, ukuhlolwa kwezintambo, amathuluzi ensimbi equipotential, njengomsebenzi wethuluzi obanzi, futhi ngokubheka i-800 kv dc high tension line charged job, amathuluzi okusebenza abukhoma nawo anenani eliphezulu kakhulu lesicelo.Ocwaningweni oluzayo, kufanele siqhubeke nokuqinisa ucwaningo lwamathuluzi nokuthuthukiswa kwezindawo eziphakeme, sifunde ngokujulile izici zomugqa wezindawo eziphakeme, futhi sisebenzise amathuluzi ukuze siqinisekise ukuphepha kokusebenza okubukhoma.Kuyadingeka ukuqhubeka nokuqinisa ucwaningo lwamandla aphezulu aguquguqukayo we-insulating futhi wenze amathuluzi okuphakamisa okuvikelayo aguquguqukayo.Ocwaningweni lwamathuluzi e-equipotential, ucwaningo lwamadivayisi angasindi kanye nemishini kufanele kuqiniswe ukuze kuthuthukiswe ubuhlakani bamathuluzi okuthola.Emishini yokusebenza, kuyadingeka ukuqhubeka nokufunda indima yezindiza ezinophephela emhlane nezinye izinto zokusebenza ekusebenzeni, kanye nokuqinisa ucwaningo lweminye imishini emikhulu ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza komsebenzi.

Ukufingqa, umsebenzi wokuvikela kufanele wenziwe kahle ngesikhathi sokusebenza bukhoma kwezintambo zikagesi, futhi opharetha kufanele bakhethe amathuluzi afanele ukuze baqinisekise ukuphepha ngesikhathi sokusebenza.Abasebenzi bocwaningo nentuthuko kufanele bahlaziye ngokugcwele isimo sokusebenza kolayini obukhoma, benze ucwaningo kanye nomsebenzi wokuthuthukisa ukuze bahlangabezane nezidingo zamanje zokusebenza kolayini obukhoma, futhi bagxile esikhathini esizayo, ucwaningo kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwezinhlelo ezintsha zokudlulisa kanye namathuluzi okusebenza kwelayini bukhoma endaweni yokudlulisela i-altitude ephezulu. , ukunciphisa ubungozi babasebenzisi.