Lesi sihloko siyingxenye yochungechunge olubheka izindlela ezintathu zokwandisa ukufinyelela kwe-broadband ezindaweni zasemakhaya ezingenazo izinsiza ezanele.
Izinsiza eziphethwe ngabatshalizimali, ngokuvamile abakhulu, abasabalalisi bakagesi abahweba esidlangalaleni, zingadlala indima ebalulekile ekuletheni izinsiza ze-broadband ezindaweni zasemakhaya nezingenawo usizo ngokuvumela abahlinzeki ukuthi basebenzise ingqalasizinda yabo ekhona ukuze banikeze inethiwekhi yamamayela aphakathi ukwenza uxhumano lwe-inthanethi olunesivinini esikhulu.
Imayela elimaphakathi liyingxenye yenethiwekhi ye-broadband exhumanisa umgogodla we-inthanethi kwimayela lokugcina, elihlinzeka ngensizakalo emakhaya nasemabhizinisini ngokusebenzisa, isibonelo, izintambo zekhebula.Umgogodla ngokuvamile uqukethe amapayipi amakhulu e-fiber optic, avame ukugqitshwa ngaphansi komhlaba futhi awele imingcele yesifunda neyezwe, okuyimizila yedatha eyinhloko kanye nendlela eyinhloko yethrafikhi ye-inthanethi emhlabeni jikelele.
Izindawo zasemaphandleni zinikeza inselele kubahlinzeki be-broadband: Lezi zifunda zivame ukubiza kakhulu futhi zibe nenzuzo encane ukusebenzela kunezindawo zasemadolobheni ezinabantu abaningi.Ukuxhuma imiphakathi yasemaphandleni kudinga amanethiwekhi emayela eliphakathi nelokugcina, avame ukuba ngabanikazi bamabhizinisi ahlukene asebenza ndawonye ukuze anikeze isevisi ye-inthanethi enesivinini esikhulu.Ukwakha ingqalasizinda yamamayela amaphakathi kulezi zifunda kuvame ukudinga ukubeka phansi izinkulungwane zamamayela wefayibha, umsebenzi obizayo kanye nokutshalwa kwezimali okuyingozi uma engekho umhlinzeki wokugcina wemayela ozimisele ukuxhuma leyo mizi namabhizinisi amancane.
Ngokuphambene, abahlinzeki bemayela lokugcina bangakhetha ukungawusizi umphakathi ngenxa yengqalasizinda yemayela emaphakathi enomkhawulo noma engekho.Ukubhekana nalokho kungakhuphula kakhulu izindleko zabo.Lokhu kuhlangana kwezici zemakethe—okubunjwe ukungabi bikho kwezinxephezelo noma izidingo zesevisi—kudale ukuhlukana okubalulekile nokumba eqolo kwedijithali okushiya abaningi ezindaweni zasemaphandleni bengenawo umsebenzi.
Kulapho izinsiza eziphethwe ngabatshalizimali (ama-IOU) zingangenela khona. Laba basabalalisi bakagesi bakhipha isitoko futhi banikeze cishe u-72% wawo wonke amakhasimende kagesi ezweni lonke.Namuhla, ama-IOU ahlanganisa izintambo ze-fiber optic kumaphrojekthi awo okuthuthukisa igridi ehlakaniphile, alungisa ingqalasizinda yegridi kagesi ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kahle nokuthembeka kokusebenza kukagesi.
Umthetho we-federal Investment Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act owashaywa ngo-2021 usungule Uhlelo Lwesibonelelo Sikahulumeni Sokukhiqiza Amandla Okuthuthukisiwe Nokwenza Kabusha, isikhwama esiyizigidi ezingama-$750 sabakhiqizi bobuchwepheshe bamandla aluhlaza.Uhlelo lwenza izindleko zemishini yamaphrojekthi wokwenza igridi kagesi ibe yesimanje efanelekele uxhaso lwemali.Umthetho uhlanganisa no-$1 bhiliyoni wemali yesibonelelo—ama-IOUs angafuna ukwakha amanethiwekhi awo e-fiber—ikakhulukazi kumaphrojekthi aphakathi kwamamayela.
Njengoba ama-IOU akha amanethiwekhi awo efayibha ukuze athuthukise amandla awo esevisi kagesi, ngokuvamile anesilinganiso esengeziwe esingase sisetshenziselwe ukunikeza noma ukusiza isevisi ye-broadband.Muva nje, bahlole ukusebenzisa lo mthamo owedlulele ngokungena emakethe ye-broadband middle mile.I-National Association of Regulatory Utility Commissioners, inhlangano yobulungu bokhomishana benkonzo yomphakathi elawula izinsizakalo zezinsiza, izwakalise ukweseka kwayo izinkampani zikagesi eziba ngabahlinzeki bamamayela aphakathi.
Izinkampani eziningi zezinsiza ezinweba amanethiwekhi azo amamayela amaphakathi
Izinkampani zikagesi eziningi ziqashise umthamo owedlulele kumanethiwekhi amasha athuthukisiwe noma anwetshiwe e-middle mile fiber kubahlinzeki bezinsizakalo ze-inthanethi ezindaweni zasemakhaya lapho kungabizi kakhulu ukuthi izinkampani ze-broadband zakhe ingqalasizinda entsha ngokuzimela.Amalungiselelo anjalo asiza izinkampani zombili ukuthi zonge imali futhi zinikeze izinsiza ezibalulekile.
Isibonelo, i-Alabama Power isungule ubambiswano nabahlinzeki be-broadband ukuze kuqashwe umthamo wayo owengeziwe wefayibha ukuze kusekelwe isevisi ye-inthanethi esifundeni sonke.E-Mississippi, inkampani yezinsiza i-Entergy kanye nenkampani yezokuxhumana i-C Spire iphothule iphrojekthi yefayibha yasemakhaya engu-$11 million ngo-2019 ehlanganisa amamayela angaphezu kuka-300 esifundazweni sonke.
Ezifundeni lapho bungekho ubudlelwano bobahlinzeki be-inthanethi obusemthethweni be-IOU obuvelile, izinkampani zikagesi noma kunjalo zakha isisekelo sokusebenzisana kwe-broadband esikhathini esizayo ngokutshala imali kumanethiwekhi azo e-fiber optic.U-Ameren ozinze e-Missouri wakhe i-fiber network ebanzi kuso sonke isifunda futhi uhlela ukuhambisa amamayela angu-4,500 wefayibha ezindaweni zasemaphandleni ngo-2023. Leyo nethiwekhi ingasetshenziswa abahlinzeki be-broadband ukuletha i-fiber ekuxhumekeni kwamakhasimende abo ekhaya.
Amazwe akhuluma ngokubambisana kwezinsiza kunqubomgomo
Izishayamthetho zombuso zingase zingadingi ukunikeza izinsiza eziphethwe abatshalizimali igunya lozakwethu nabahlinzeki be-broadband, kodwa ezinye izifundazwe ziye zafuna ukukhuthaza le ndlela ngokushaya imithetho egunyaza ngokukhethekile imizamo ehlanganyelwe futhi ichaze imingcele yokusebenzisana.
Isibonelo, iVirginia ngo-2019 yagunyaza ama-IOU ukuthi asebenzise umthamo wawo owengeziwe wesevisi ye-broadband ezindaweni ezingahlinzekwanga.Umthetho udinga ukuthi izinkampani zilethe isicelo sokuthi zinikeze isevisi ye-broadband ekhomba abahlinzeki be-broadband bebanga lokugcina ezizobaqashisa nge-fiber eyeqile.Ibanika umsebenzi wokuthola zonke izimvume ezidingekayo ukuze banikeze isevisi.Okokugcina, ivumela izinsiza ukuthi zilungise izilinganiso zazo zesevisi ukuze zibuyisele izindleko ezihlobene namaphrojekthi egridi esimanje athuthukisa ingqalasizinda ibe i-fiber, kodwa iyazivimbela ekunikezeni isevisi ye-broadband kubasebenzisi bokugcina bezentengiselwano noma bokuthengisa.Selokhu kwashaywa lo mthetho, abahlinzeki bamandla ababili abakhulu, i-Dominion Energy kanye ne-Appalachian Power, benze izinhlelo zokuhlola ukuze kuqashwe umthamo owengeziwe wefayibha kubahlinzeki be-broadband bendawo emaphandleni aseVirginia.
Ngokufanayo, iWest Virginia yaphasisa umthetho ngo-2019 ogunyaza izinsiza zamandla kagesi ukuthi zilethe izifundo zokwenzeka kwe-broadband.Ngokushesha ngemva kwalokho, Umkhandlu Wokuthuthukisa I-Broadband WaseWest Virginia wagunyaza iphrojekthi yemayela elimaphakathi le-Appalachian Power.Iphrojekthi eyizigidi ezingama- $ 61 ihlanganisa amamayela angaphezu kuka-400 ezifundeni zase-Logan naseMingo—izindawo ezimbili zezwe ezingakenzeki—futhi umthamo wayo owengeziwe wefayibha uzoqashiswa kubahlinzeki bezinsizakalo ze-inthanethi i-GigaBeam Networks.I-Public Service Commission yaseWest Virginia iphinde yagunyaza inhlawulo eyengeziwe engu-.015 cent nge-kilowatt-hora yesevisi ye-broadband yendawo yokuhlala yi-Appalachian Power, okulinganiselwa ukuthi izindleko zayo zonyaka zokusebenza nokugcina inethiwekhi yefayibha ziyizigidi ezingu-1.74 zamaRandi.
Ubambiswano nama-IOU lunikeza imodeli yokwandisa ukufinyelela kwe-broadband ezindaweni ezingakasetshenziswa futhi ezinganakiwe lapho abahlinzeki besevisi ye-inthanethi evamile kungenakwenzeka ukuba basebenze.Ngokuqasha kanye nokuthuthukisa ingqalasizinda kagesi ephethwe yi-IOUs kumanethiwekhi amakhilomitha aphakathi, bobabili abahlinzeki bakagesi kanye ne-broadband bonga imali ngenkathi benweba isevisi ye-broadband emiphakathini yasemakhaya.Ukusetshenziswa kwengqalasizinda kagesi okuphethwe ama-IOUs ukuletha i-inthanethi enesivinini esiphezulu ezindaweni okunzima ukufinyelela kuzo kumelela indlela efana nokuhlinzekwa kwesevisi ye-broadband ngamadlelandawonye kagesi noma izifunda zensiza.Njengoba imibuso iqhubeka nokusebenza ukuvala ukuhlukana kwedijithali yasemadolobheni nasemaphandleni, abaningi baphendukela kulezi zinhlaka ezintsha ukuze balethe i-inthanethi enesivinini esikhulu emiphakathini engahlinzekwanga.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Apr-21-2022
